A Political Primer on the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD)

February 2002

 

INTRODUCTION

This primer provides diplomatic background on ENMOD from the initial proposals for a treaty through negotiations by the Commission on Disarmament and adoption by the General Assembly. This primer also includes discussions of the First and Second Review Conferences

In addition, the Primer includes a section detailing US Congressional activity related ENMOD, including its investigaiton of "Operaiton Popeye", the US cloud seeding effort in Southeast Asia, and the Congressial role in ENMOD ratification.

The primer includes a number of important and difficult to find ENMOD documents in electronic format.

---

If you are unfamiliar with ENMOD, you may wish to first consult the paper below, which provides a more general introduction to environmental warfare and this convention:

Post-Cold War Conflict and the Environment
The ENMOD Convention and Related Agreements on Hostile Modification of the Environment.

An April 2001 Occasional Paper of the Edmonds Institute by Susana Pimiento and Edward Hammond of the Sunshine Project.